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Despite these changes, bookies continued to make a profitable living, albeit illegally! One advantage of bookies was that bets could be placed by telephone or telegraph which was not possible with totalisator bets. Find out more about historic totalisator buildings and other racecourse structures on the Heritage New Zealand List Online:. At Here, it washed away the rail-bridge over the Whangaehu River.

Five minutes later, when the Wellington-to-Auckland Express train attempted to cross the bridge, its locomotive and six front carriages were plunged into the flooded waters. An eyewitness saw the carriages that had fallen 'floating down the river with the lights still on'.


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He noted that 'after they had travelled about 40 yards they disappeared and I no longer saw the lights'. The lives of people were lost as a result of the what would turn out to be New Zealand's most destructive railway disaster. The Queen made her Christmas broadcast from Auckland, finishing with a message of sympathy to the people of New Zealand.

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On 31 December a ceremony was held to inter the unidentified victims in the Karori Cemetery. A year after the disaster, the Wellington-to-Auckland express dropped a wreath into the Whangaehu River from the new railway bridge in memory of those who had died. It was the first act to commemorate the disaster and has since become a tradition. Four years later, the official memorial of the disaster, paid for by the Government, was unveiled at the Karori Cemetery. It stayed here until when it moved into larger premises on the other side of Burlington Street facing Queen's Gardens, where they stayed until In its formative years, the ODT was active in many campaigns for social reform, none more important than the exposure of sweat shop working conditions in Dunedin in the s by Editor Sir George Fenwick and Chief Reporter Silas Spragg, which led to major law reforms.

The first issue ran to copies, and was sold for threepence. The passing of the Women Jurors Act in October allowed for women aged between 25 and 60 to have their names placed on the jury list on the same basis as men. This was one of a number of important milestones for New Zealand women in the s, which were in part driven by the demands of war and the absence of servicemen overseas. For the most part, the other nations of the English speaking world were more progressive, with women serving on juries in parts of the United States since the 19th century. Britain saw woman jurors in the High Court towards the end of Views on women taking on male-dominated roles were often split and sometimes downright insulting.

Find out more about some of the places associated with justice and the courts system on the Heritage New Zealand List Online:. The 4. It was the most elevated section of the rail route, and construction of the incline across the rugged Rimutaka Ranges required a bold engineering solution. Tragedy struck on the morning of 11 September when the Greytown train to Wellington was passing over the mountains.

Here a strong N. The consequences were most disastrous. The two passenger carriages, which are stated to have been full of passengers, and also the luggage van, were hurled bodily off the line and over the edge of the precipice, which at that point is nearly feet in depth. The three vehicles fell with a fearful crash to the bottom, and were seen lying, a wreck of smashed timber and ironwork, at the bottom of this fearful declivity. The brake van at the rear of the train remained on the rails and was able to detach itself and free-wheel down the slope to Cross Creek station to raise the alarm.

The wind was so strong that the rescue train had to shelter in a nearby tunnel whilst men had to crawl along the track holding the centre rail. Windbreaks were soon erected on this now notorious stretch of railway to prevent this sort of accident from happening again. Find out more about some of the places associated with our historic railways on the Heritage New Zealand List Online :. His elaborate designs for post offices, courthouses and other government buildings were standardised and used throughout New Zealand.

Campbell was born and brought up in Glasgow and arrived in Dunedin, New Zealand, in Here he worked briefly for the firm of Mason and Wales. On 7 February the following year he was appointed to a temporary position in the Public Works Department in Dunedin. On 30 November Campbell was transferred to Wellington, where on 1 April he became draughtsman for the Public Buildings Department. That department merged with the Public Works Department in , and Campbell's title became 'architect' in Campbell remained in charge of the architectural design of government buildings in New Zealand until his retirement in , holding the newly created title of government architect from Although Campbell designed the Dunedin Law Courts in the Gothic style, he had, by c, established Edwardian Baroque as the government style for police stations, courthouses and post offices throughout New Zealand.

In Campbell and Claude Paton jointly won the national architectural competition for the design of Parliament Buildings, Wellington. The issuing of stamps was welcomed, with one newspaper article acknowledging that, when compared to money payments for postage, much inconvenience and loss of time could now be avoided. In it became compulsory to use postage stamps to prepay the cost of delivering letters within New Zealand. This meant that it was no longer necessary to take letters to the post office and in the Colonial Secretary William Fox campaigned for the erection of public letterboxes.

The notion of women joining the police force in New Zealand had been around since the nineteenth century.

It took another decade and the work pressures caused by the removal of many men from the domestic work pool by the Second World War to lead to their efforts being rewarded. Trainees were required to be well educated, aged between 25 and 40, unmarried or widowed, have shorthand and typing skills, and pass a strict medical test. The 10 women selected, all aged between 30 and 35, trained at the Police Training school in Wellington for three months.

These women would act as temporary constables in detective branches; there would be no uniformed policewomen like the ones pictured until On 14 May Dr Frederic Truby King, at the time superintendent of the Seacliff Lunatic Asylum, addressed a meeting at the Dunedin town hall on the promotion of health of women and children. The Plunket Society aimed to reduce the high infant mortality rate through the promotion of breastfeeding, domestic hygiene and strict adherence to routine. By there were Plunket Society branches in all of the country's four main centres.

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Sixty more branches opened following a lecture tour by King in Currently, Plunket is an integral part of New Zealand society and the largest provider of services to support the health and development of children under five. Frederic Truby King was knighted in Following his death in , he was the first private citizen to be honoured by a state funeral. On 10 April , the ferry Wahine fell victim to one of the most ferocious storms in New Zealand's recorded history. Though there have been worse shipping disasters in New Zealand with far greater loss of life, the sinking of the Wahine in is by far the most well known.

With the loss of 51 lives, this was our worst modern maritime disaster. The wrecking of the Wahine was one of the first disasters to be televised to a shocked nation. The footage was later screened around the world as the international media spotlight focused on Wellington. The Brunner coal seam was discovered by Thomas Brunner in From the s onwards this seam was worked by various commercial and provincial government concerns, reaching its peak of production around Tragedy struck Brunner on 26 March, , when the worst mining disaster in New Zealand's history occurred.

In an explosion of gas and coal dust 65 men and boys died, and the impact on the miners' families lasted for generations. Many of the victims were buried in a mass grave at Stillwater and it was estimated around 6, people attended the funeral. An enquiry was held into the disaster and the explosion was initially blamed on an unknown miner. However, civil action taken by some of the bereaved families against the company was successful, at least in terms of the court's decision to award compensation.

After the explosion the mining community at Brunner declined, although in fact production peaked in , and it was another five years after that before the main mine closed. A memorial to the disaster, erected for the centennial commemoration in , is located on the Brunner Industrial Site. Find out more about coal mining in New Zealand, the places of industry and the settlements that served them on the New Zealand Heritage List, by following the links:. The Wanganui Opera House was built in response to an upsurge of theatrical entertainment in Victorian New Zealand, and also a Wanganui Borough Council decision that Queen Victoria's record reign should be marked.

In the following year a national competition was held to find a suitable design, and the winning entry was submitted by Wellington architect George C. Nicholas Meuli, a well known building contractor in Wanganui, was contracted to build the opera house. In the cost of running the Opera House was considered too great for the council and it was decided to offer the building to the community to run. In the Friends of the Opera House was formed, undertaking to restore and refurbish the Opera House.

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Between and the number of seats was reduced from 1, to , exit doors were installed at either side of the building, the stage replaced, and an annexe added to provide room for set construction and catering. Although the building does not have the facilities required by a modern opera house, its excellent acoustics have been recognised by international artists. It is an important survivor of a distinctive era of theatrical entertainment.

The first Catholic mass was celebrated three days later at Totara Point. Pompallier established a series of Catholic mission stations throughout New Zealand from Hokianga to Otago , and set up a number of churches. Pompallier is also noted for his role as a signatory to the Treaty of Waitangi. Pompallier returned to France in , and died there in Due to the medical conditions of the patients the ward was always locked at night, and nearly all windows were shuttered and locked.

According to newspaper reports the fire spread so quickly that staff, even though they were in possession of their own fire brigade, were unable to undertake any rescues, or to quench the flames. Although the majority of the large Seacliff Hospital building was made of stone, this particular ward was a later addition, made of timber and burned quickly. Two patients managed to escape through a broken window, but the rest quickly succumbed. An inquiry condemned the practice of leaving patients locked up without adequate supervision, and found that the building was a fire risk.

It was made of very flammable materials, and the design allowed flames to spread rapidly. Its ancient alarm system, which had to be unlocked by a nurse before being activated, was virtually useless. It was recommended that future institutional buildings be made of fire-resistant materials, with emergency exits, automatic monitored fire alarms and sprinkler systems.

Find out about the Seacliff Lunatic Asylum and about more places associated with care for the mentally ill, on the New Zealand Heritage List, by following the links:. On 8 November , the Centennial Exhibition opened in Wellington.

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New Zealanders marked the centenary across the country with a vast array of local and national events and the construction of monuments and buildings. New Zealand's commemoration of the centennial was a major event. More than 2. Communities throughout the country held pageants, with hundreds dressing up in colonial costume and parading through the streets. The design of the exhibition buildings at Rongotai was undertaken by the eminent architect Edmund Anscombe.

Anscombe is considered by many as the expert architect of New Zealand exhibitions in the 20th century. It is unfortunate that the buildings were heavily damaged by fire within a few years of the exhibition, and completely removed by One might think that travelling by stage coach as a quintessentially Victorian, glamourous and safe alternative to walking or going by horse.

However, the truth is that travelling by coach was dusty, bumpy and dangerous. Coach travellers regularly had to get out and walk at steep points of the track, and coaches could sometimes be wrecked or dragged over cliffs by panicked horses. New Zealand was the first nation to introduce universal adult suffrage in Governor Lord Glasgow signed a new Electoral Act into law, making New Zealand the first self-governing country in the world to grant all women the right to vote in parliamentary elections. That achievement was the result of years of effort by suffrage campaigners, led by Kate Sheppard.


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In , and they compiled a series of massive petitions calling on Parliament to grant the vote to women. Even so, New Zealand women still had a long way to go to achieve political equality. They would not gain the right to stand for Parliament until , and the first female Member of Parliament Elizabeth McCombs was not elected until — 40 years after the introduction of women's suffrage. Today, the idea that women could not or should not vote is completely foreign to New Zealanders.